Physiology of respirationA. DEFINITIONSRespiration is a process starting from the oxygen uptake, energy expenditure to the use of carbohydrates in the body. Humans breathe in oxygen in the air to breathe freely and disposing of carbon dioxide into the environment.
Respiration can be divided into two types, namely:A. External respiration is the exchange between O2 and CO2 between blood and air.2. Respiration in which the exchange of O2 and CO2 from the bloodstream into body cells.
• In the process of respiration occurs: Inspiration is the process whereby the occurrence of contraction ribs, diaphragm, chest muscles, abdominal muscles and the development of the lungs that causes the O2 into the enlarged chest cavity diameter, volume swell, a small pressure (-).
 expiratory relaxation is the process whereby the ribs, diaphragm, chest muscles, abdominal muscles and the elasticity of the lungs that causes the CO2 out of the chest cavity diameter decreases, volume decreases, the pressure of (+).

Respiratory TractA. NoseThe parts of the nose:A. Anterior nares2. Nasal cavity3. Sinus Paranasales4. Blood vessels in the nose5. The nerves of the nose6. Lymph flow in the noseOn the surface of the nasal cavity there are tiny hairs and mucous membranes that function to filter the incoming air into the nasal cavity.B. PharynxPharynx is a muscular tube that runs from the base of the skull until persambungannya with oesopagus at an altitude of cricoid cartilage. It is located behind larinx (larinx-pharyngeal). Oropharynx is the part of the pharynx merrupakan respiratory and digestive systems combined.C. Larynxcomposed of cartilage and there is a sound film that will vibrate when you make a soundD. TrachealThroat of the pipe ± 10 cm in length, lies partly in the neck and partly in the chest cavity (piston). Throat wall is thin and rigid, surrounded by a ring of cartilage, and ciliated on the inside of the cavity. Cilia, cilia function to filter the foreign objects that enter the respiratory tract.E. BronchialBronchus which is formed from two parts of the trachea at an altitude of approximately the fifth thoracic vertebrates, has a similar structure to the trachea and coated oleh.jenis the same cell. Bronchus, bronchus was run down and laterally in the direction of the reins of the lung. Right Bronckus shorter and wider, and more vertical than the left, slightly higher FROM pulmonary artery and issued a pass under the main branch of the artery, called bronckus lower lobe. The left bronchus is longer and more slender than the right, and run under the pulmonary artery sebelurn in split into several branches that run up and down kelobus.Branch of the right and left main bronchus branched out again into a bronchus lobaris and kernudian segmentalis lobe.F. BronchialIs a ramification of the bronchi bronchioles are smaller in size, until eventually became bronkhiolus terminalis, which is the smallest airways that do not contain alveoli (air bag). Bronkhiolus terminalis has a diameter of approximately I mm. Bronkhiolus not reinforced by a ring of cartilage. But surrounded by smooth muscle so that its size can be changed. Entire airway down to the level of the terminal bronkbiolus called conductive channel of air because its main function is as a conductor of air into the pulmonary gas exchange.
G. AlveoliAlveoli are at the tip end of the bronchioles in the form of a small pocket on one side open so as to resemble a foam or honeycomb-like. Therefore alveolus thin webbed and there a lot of it boils down to blood capillaries allow the diffusion of respiratory gases.

B. The process of respiration• In the nasal vestibule there is rice, nose hairs, glands, sacrum rice, cavum nasi, and Concha.• In the nose, the hair on rice vestibule holding small objects that participate breathing air. The air will flow through the meatus nasi. Naal air in the cavity will have a mechanism in which the air AIR CONDITIONING will experience:- Filtering- Heating- Humidity
 .• Then enter the pharynx, the air next to the entrance to the larynx and trachea.• As air enters the trachea branching bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli leads on.• In the alveoli there is a process of diffusion, where the exchange of CO2 and O2.• In this process air into the alveoli causes the alveoli saturated with O2, while the branch pulmonary artery capillary saturated with CO2, resulting in the exchange of O2 from the alveoli into the capillary branches of the pulmonary vein and arterial CO 2 from the capillaries into the alveoli.
The reaction between O2 and hemoglobin.
After diffusion of the oxygen transport process occurs subsequent to the cells that require transport through the blood and carbon dioxide as waste products into the lung capillaries. Approximately 97 to 98.5% oxygen is transported by binding to hemoglobin (Hb O2/oksihaemoglobin,) remaining dissolved in the plasma. Approximately 5-7% of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma, 23-30% binds to hemoglobin (Hb CO2/karbaminahaemoglobin) and 65-70% in the form of HCO3 (bicarbonate ion). O2 molecule binds reversibly to the heme part of hemoglobin that is at such a high pO 2 in the capillary O2 binds to hemoglobin. But when such a low pO 2 in the capillary network of the O2 will break away from the bonds with hemoglobin. This is the basic transport O2 from the lungs to the tissues by the blood.
C. TYPE OF BREATH• Respiratory abdominal / belly breathing where the diaphragm muscle contraction during inspiration urging the stomach contents down and expiratory air in the abdominal wall is time again to get into.• thoracic Penafasan if at the time of inspiration and expiration looked elevation and depression of the chest wall so that the flowers looked deflated.• Respiratory torako - abdominal breathing using a combination of the two ways above.
Type of breathing is influenced by:- The position of a person- State of the chest wall / abdominal- Diseases of the chest wall, lung, and nerves.